Application of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles

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Case Study 1: Dosing Frequency
After learning about pharmacokinetics, Rita realizes the complexity of the interactions between the body and medications. Today, an athlete expressed concern to Rita about the frequency of one of his medications. He was recently prescribed the antibiotic amoxicillin for an upper respiratory tract infection. The antibiotic needs to be taken 3 times per day, and the athlete is having trouble remembering to take it. He asks Rita why the antibiotic has to be taken multiple times per day.

Question: Use a medication reference to review the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin. Based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, what factor would be most involved in the frequency of dosing?

Case Study 2: Exercise Effect on Insulin
One of the athletes Rita works with has recently been diagnosed with diabetes. The athlete will be using insulin to control his blood sugar and will be injecting the insulin subcutaneously in the thigh. Rita is concerned about the effects that exercise will have on the activity of the insulin and the patient’s blood sugar.

Question: Based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, what possible effect could exercise have on the insulin?

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