Cybersecurity Risk Assessment—Probability and Impact Analysis 2025

Lab Title:

Cybersecurity Risk Assessment—Probability and Impact Analysis

Objective

To enable MSc-level students to:

• Understand and apply the concepts of probability and impact in risk analysis. 
• Identify and assess cybersecurity risks within a simulated organizational context. 
• Develop risk mitigation strategies based on analytical frameworks. 
• Reflect on human factors and decision-making biases in risk perception.

Learning Outcomes of Cybersecurity Risk 

By the end of the lab, students will be able to:

1. Define key components of cybersecurity risk.
2. Use a structured methodology to assess probability and impact of cybersecurity risks.
3. Develop a prioritized risk register for a simulated organization.
4. Formulate appropriate risk mitigation strategies.
5. Critically evaluate the role of subjective and objective elements in risk assessment.

Lab Setup

• Time Required: 2–3 hours
• Software/Tools: Microsoft Excel / Google Sheets (for risk register), access to a simulated scenario, optional reference to risk assessment frameworks (e.g., NIST, ISO 27005)
• Lab Environment: Virtual lab, cybersecurity simulation platform or paper-based if tools unavailable

Lab Scenario: Simulated Organization

Scenario: You are part of the security team for ‘MedTech Solutions,’ a mid-sized healthcare technology provider. The company operates globally and manages sensitive patient health data. A recent internal audit identified several cybersecurity vulnerabilities.

Key Observations from the Audit:

1. Unpatched critical vulnerabilities in public-facing web servers.
2. Weak password policies for employee accounts.
3. Legacy encryption algorithms in some database systems.
4. Lack of regular data backups for critical systems.
5. Multiple phishing emails reported by staff but no formal training program.

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Cybersecurity Risk Lab Tasks

Task 1: Identify Key Risks

Step 1.1: Review the audit findings.
Step 1.2: Identify at least 5 distinct cybersecurity risks relevant to MedTech Solutions.
Step 1.3: Categorize the risks based on affected assets: Infrastructure, Devices, Users, Reputation.

Task 2: Assess Probability and Impact

Step 2.1: For each identified risk, estimate its probability (High, Medium, Low). Justify your reasoning.
Step 2.2: For each risk, estimate its potential impact (High, Medium, Low).
Step 2.3: Construct a Risk Register including: risk description, affected assets, probability, impact, risk priority score.

Task 3: Mitigation Strategy Development

Step 3.1: For the top 2 high-priority risks, develop detailed mitigation strategies.
Step 3.2: Include technical controls, policy changes, and user education measures.
Step 3.3: Estimate the feasibility and cost considerations for each mitigation.

Task 4: Critical Reflection

Step 4.1: Write a short reflection (~250 words) on how subjective judgment influences risk assessment.
Step 4.2: Discuss how organizational culture and decision-making processes affect risk prioritization.

Deliverables

• Risk Register: Completed Excel/Sheet document.
• Mitigation Strategy Report: ~500 words outlining strategies for the top 2 risks.
• Reflection Essay: ~250 words on subjective elements in risk assessment.

Assignment Criteria of Cybersecurity Risk 

Extension / Advanced Task (Optional)

Research and apply a formal risk assessment framework (e.g., ISO 27005) to the scenario. Compare its structured output to your initial risk register